{"id":651,"date":"2020-05-27T10:48:28","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T10:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sanyiigadaaconsultancy.org\/opsa\/?p=651"},"modified":"2020-05-27T13:07:33","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T13:07:33","slug":"aangoo-heera-hiikuu-fi-federaalizimii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/aangoo-heera-hiikuu-fi-federaalizimii\/","title":{"rendered":"Aangoo Heera Hiikuu fi Federaalizimii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Aangoo Heera Hiikuu fi Gahee Inni Federaalizimii Keessatti Qabu<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"355\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Court-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Court-3.jpg 640w, https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Court-3-300x166.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Ka\u2019umsa: \u201cManni Maree Bakka Buutota Uummataa\u201d guyyaa har\u2019aa wal-ga\u2019ii ariifachiisaa taa\u2019een dhimma gidduu kana wal-falmisiisaa ta\u2019e irratti murtoo dabarseera. Murtoon kunis \u201cHiikkoo heeraa\u201d kan jedhu irratti kan waliif galame yommuu ta\u2019u keewwatoonni akka hiikamaniif kallattiin kaa\u2019amanis Keewwata 54 (1); Keewwata 58 (3) fi Keewwata 93 dha. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Otoo gara xiinxala hiikkoo heeraa kanatti hin darbiin dura, biyyoota sirna federaalizimiin bulan keessatti Manni Murtii akkamitti ilaalama kan jedhu kitaaba dhiyoo kana \u201cCourts in Federal Countries: Federalists or Unitarists?\u201d jedhu keessatti yaada ijoowwan muraasa haa ilaallu. Kitaaba kana keessatti dhimmi Xoophiyaa akkuma kan warra kaanii uffisa boqonnaa tokkoo argateera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seensa: Manneen Murtii fi Federaalizimii: yeroo baayyee gaheen maneen murtii sirna federaalizimii gabbisuus ta\u2019e huuqqisuu keessatti qaban namni baayyeen hin hubatu. Qaamni hoji raawwachiistuu mootummaa qaamota mootummaa kam irra caalaa kan irratti xiyyeeffatu mana murti irratti dha. Bifa beekamuu fi hin beekamneen maneen murtii sadarkaa sadarkaan jiran irrattii fi abbootii seeraa irratti dhiibbaan gama qaama hoji-raawwachiiftuun taasifamu baayyee cimaadha. Sirna federaalizimii keessatti waliigalteen mootummootaa biyya federeeshinii hundeessan sanaa; waliigalteen caaseffama mootummaa fi qoqqoodama aangoo; waliigalteen mootummootaa fi Uummattoota isaanii jidduu jiru; akkaataan itti heerrii fi seerri ba\u2019u, foooyya\u2019uu fi walumaagala wanti hunduu heera Federaalaa fi Heera Mootummoota sadarkaa sadarkaan jiran keessatti ifaan ifatti barreeffamee lafa taa\u2019a. Kanaaf, heeraa fi seera irratti immoo maneen murtii fi abbootii seeraa caalaa qaamni gaafatama kallattii qabu kan biraan hin jiru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyyoota Federeeshinii Ta\u2019anii fi Dhiibbaa Qaama Heeera Hiikuu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hayyuun Seeraa Albert Venn Dicey jedhamu \u201cFederaalizimiin dirqama seerawummaa agarsiisa: federalism necessarily implies legalism (1915:170)\u201d jedhee dubbata. Akka inni jedhutti, qaamoleen walitti dhufanii \u2018federeeshinii\u2019 ijaaran birmadummaa (sovereignty) aangoo isaanii hojiirra oolchuu qabu; birmadummaan kun kan sarbamu ta\u2019ee jenneen federalism otoo hin taane unitarism tu hojiitti jira. Akka kitaaba \u201cCourts in Federal Countries: Federalists or Unitarists?\u201d kanaatti mee cuunfaa biyyoota sirna federaalizimiin bulan 13 keessatti gaheen maneen murtii akkamiin ilaalama kan jedhun gabaabinaan isiniif kaa\u2019a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>USA keessatti: Manni Murtii Olaanaa (The Supreme Court) \u201cAutonomy Naannolee (the States Autonomy)\u201d irra \u201cMootummaa Giddu-galeessummaa jajjabeessa (Promoting Centralization)\u201d Kunis sababa mataa isaa qaba. Bara 1787 fi 1788 barreessaan Anti-Federalist jedhamee beekamu kan Brutus jedhamu sababa lama ibsuudhaan akka Manni Murtii Olaanaa USA mootummaa federaalaa (giddu-galeessaa) jajjabeessuu qabu ibsa. Isaanis: (a) heera USA keessatti dhimmoonni jiran bifa waliigalaa fi hin beekamneen (general and indefinite) taheen ibsamanii jiru. (b) miseensonni Mana Maree Olaanaa (Supreme Court members) aangoo fi mirga isaanii bal\u2019ifachuuf karaa al-kallattii ta\u2019een akka mootummaan federaalaa cimuu fi bulchiinsa daangaa (constitutional jurisdiction) babal\u2019ifatu ni deeggaru, ni jajjabeessus.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li>Australia keessatti: Manneen Murtii Olaanaa (Supreme Court) gama lamaan hubatama. Gama waan waraqaa irratti barreeffamee jiruun unitarism jajjabeessa (textual unitarism) garuu gama caaseffama hojiidhaan immoo federalism jajjabeessa (structural federalism) akka ta\u2019e hayyuun Nicholas Aroney xiinxala qorannoo irratti hundaa\u2019een ibsa.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li>Belgium: Constitutional Court (Mana Murtii Heerawaa) immoo hunda caalaa \u2018Autonomy of the Communities and Regions\u2019 eegsisuudha hojiin isaa jedhu qorattoonnii fi hayyoonni dhimma kana irratti hojjetan, Patrick Peeters fi Jens Mosselmans. Sababni isaas federeeshiniin Beljiyeem ka\u2019umsa mootummaa waltaawaa giddu-galeessaa (standard unitarism) ijaaruudhaan tokkummaa biyya sanaa mirkaneessuuf akeeka waan ta\u2019eef.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li>Brazil: Manni Murtii Olaanaa Federaalaa (Supreme Federal Court) federeeshinii Biraazil hojiilee lama irratti xiyyeeffata: dimokiraasii eeguu (protecting democracy) fi aangoo gara giddu-galeessummaatti deebi\u2019e (centralized power). Kunis sababa aadaa siyaasa biyya Biraazil irraa kan ka\u2019e akka ta\u2019etu dubbatama.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\"><li>Canada: Manni Murtii Olaanaa (Supreme Court) Kanaadaa immoo raadrimee federaalizimii wal-tumsu (cooperative federalism) irratti kan hundaa\u2019uu fi hojii madaala aangoo mootummaa Federaalaa, kan kutaawwaanii (provinces) fi kan mootummaa gara-gadii (local government) mirkaneessuudha.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"6\"><li>Germany: Manni Murtii Heera Federaalaa (Federal Constitutional Court) bifa wal-qixa ta\u2019een hojii lama hojjeta. Inni jalqabaa unitarism tiksuu yommuu ta\u2019u kan lammataa immoo federalism tiksuudha. Jerman keessatti unitarism fi federalism\u2019n wal-qixa barbaachisu. Tokko madaala isaa dhabnaan Jarman rakkoo keessa buuti ejjennoo jedhutu jira.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"7\"><li>India: Manni Murtii Olaanaa (Supreme Court) aangoon isaa baayyee cimaa kan dhufee fi federalism tiksuuf akka xiyyeeffatee hojjetudha kan qorattoonni dubbatan.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"8\"><li>Mexico: Manni Mrtii Olaanaa (Supreme Court) yeroo adda addaatti caaseffamaa fi hojmaata federaalizimii karaa waldhabdee heerawaa furuutiin (adjudicating constitutional issues) kan hojjetuu fi heera bulchiinsa Paartii-Tokkee irratti hundaa\u2019een kan fooyyeessu akka ta\u2019etu ibsama.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"9\"><li>Nigeria: Manni Murtii Olaanaa (Supreme Court) ofumaayyuu dirree lolaa (falmii) ta\u2019ee kan jiru yommuu ta\u2019u harka caalu garuu garee Unitarism deeggarantu garee federalism deeggaran caalee argama. Sababa kanaatti yeroo baayyee Manni Murtii Olaanaa Naayijeeraa sirna bulchiinsa giddu-galeessaa kana jajjabeessa!<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"10\"><li>Republic of South Africa: Manni Murtii Heerawaa (Constitutional Court) Afrikaa Kibbaa immoo sirna bulchiinsa \u2018multilevel government\u2019 jedhamu milkeessuuf xiyyeeffatee kan hojjetu yommuu ta\u2019u irra jireessaan federalism gabbisuuf hojjeta.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"11\"><li>Spain: Manni Murtii Heerawaa (Constitutional Court) Kanaan dura hojii sirna madaalawaa uumuu (system balancer) irraa gara hokkora giddu-galeessummaa (polarizing centralist) jajjabeessuutti ce\u2019aa jira. Kanaafi, Uummanni Kaataaloon aarsaa guddaa kaffalaa kan jiru.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"12\"><li>Switzerland: Manni Murtii Olaanaa Federaalaa (Federal Supreme Court) immoo gahee madaala federalism eegsisu taphata. Biyyoota federeeshinii ta\u2019an keessaa kan akka biyya Switzerland \u2018Working Federalsim\u2019 isa jedhamu qabu akka hin jirre hayyoonni federalism ni dubbatu.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"13\"><li>Xoophiyaa: Manni Murtii Olaanaa Federaalaa (Federal Supreme Court) dhimma federaalizimii Xoophiyaa keessatti gahee ilaaluu kan qabnuu fi dawataa akka ta\u2019eetti ibsama (federalism bystander). Sababni isaas aangoon heera hiikuu Mana Maree Federeeshinii fi Council of Constitutional Inquiry kan jedhamuuf kan kenname waan ta\u2019eefi.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Xoophiyaatti Tajaajila Hiikkoo Heeraa: Mana Maree Federeeshinii fi Council of Constitutional Inquiry (CCI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heerri Federaalawaa Xoophiyaa kan bara 1995 aangoo heera hiikuu keewwata 62 (1) irratti mana maree federeeshiniif kenna. Sababni isaas manni murti fi abbootiin seeraa Xoophiyaa sababa adda addaatti Saboota, Sablammootaa fi Uummattoota Xoophiyaaf amantummaa siyaasaa (political integrity) fi aantummaa qabaachuun rakkisaadha yaada jedhurraa madda. Heeruma Federaalaa keewwata 82 keessatti CCI\u2019n hiikkoo heeraa kana Mana Maree Federeeshinii kan gargaaru ta\u2019uutu ibsame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manni Maree Federeeshinii bakka buutota Paartii aangoo irra jiruu akka ta\u2019ee fi pirezidaantota mootummoota naannolee kan of keessaa qabudha. CCI\u2019n immoo abbootii fi ogeessota seeraa 11 kan of keessaa qabu ta\u2019ee Pirezidaantii fi I\/A\u2019b Pirezidaantii Mana Murtii Olaanaa Federaalaa kan keessa jiran ta\u2019uurra darbe Pirezidaantii fi I\/A\/Pirezidaantii CCI ta\u2019anii tajaajilu. Akkasumas ogeessota seeraa 6 kan Pirezidaantii Xoophiyaa miseensota CCI ta\u2019anii yommuu muudaman ogeessonni seeraa 3 ammoo Manni Maree Federeeshinii keessaa filamanii bakka bu\u2019anii keessatti qooda fudhatu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sababa COVID-19 tti filannoon 6ffaa yeroo hin murtoofneef erga darbee booda qaamni impaayera Xoophiyaa bulchu filannoowwan afur Mana Maree Bakka Buutota Uummataaf dhiyeessee booda filannoo 4ffaa kan \u201cHiikoo Heeraa\u201d jedhu murteessuun isaa beekameera. Haaluma Kanaan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Jalqaba CCI\u2019tu (namoota 11 sanatu) keewwatan eeraman irratti hiikkoo galma barbaadameef ta\u2019u adda baasuudhaan Mana Maree Federeeshiniif dhiyeesssa. Waan gama CCI jiru kana kan olaantummaan gaggeessu Aadde Ma\u2019aazaa Ashannaafii ta\u2019a. Wanti hunduu sadarkaa CCItti dhuma yoo jenne waan kana ukukkubsuu hin taatu.<\/li><li>Manni Maree Federeeshinii immoo waan CCI\u2019n cuunfee dhiyeesseef sanatti bifa hiikkoo siyaasaa fi aantummaa Saboota, Sablammootaa fi Uummattoota Xoophiyaa qabuun erga irratti mariiyatee booda filannoo taasisa.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanaafuu, murtoon hiikkoo heeraa gama Mana Maree Federeeshiniidhaan adeemsifamu akkaataa PP\u2019n barbaadeen kan xumuramuu ta\u2019uutu akeekama. Egaa feeti PP maalidhaa? PP\u2019n wagga meeqaaf akka filannoon kun achi siiqu barbadaa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dhuma irratti, hiikkoo heeraa kanaa wajjin walqabatee gaaffiileen jiru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CCI\u2019n ogummaa giddu-galeessa taasifatee waan PP\u2019n barbaadu hojjechuu ni dhiisa jettanii yaadduu? (Do you think the CCI remains professional and refrain from serving PP\u2019s interest?)<\/li><li>Manni Maree Federeeshinii fedha paartii aangoorra jiruu dhiisee fedha Saboota, Sablammootaa fi Uummattoota Xoophiyaa ni kabachiisaa laata? (Do we expect the house federation will preserve the interest of the Nations, Nationalities and Peoples over the incumbent party\u2019s interest?)<\/li><li>Dhimmi Mootummaan Bulchiinsa Naannoo Tigray akkamitti ilaalamaa? (How do both the House of Federation and CCI see Tigray region\u2019s position?)<\/li><li>PP moo TPLF\u2019tu heera federaalaa cabsuuf akeekaa jiraa? Eenyutus sirna bulchiinsa federaalizimiii gabbisuuf hojjetaa jiraa? (Is PP of TPLF breaching the constitution? Which one is working to enhance the federalism?)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Akka OPSAtti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Aangoon dhimma filannoo irratti seeraa fi labsii baasuu kan Mootummaa Federaalaati.<\/li><li>Aangoon mirga hiree of ofiin murteeffachuu Saboota, Sablammootaa fi Uummattootaa kan kannameef Mootummoota Naannolee fi Uummattoota Naannoo sana keessa jiraataniifidha. Fakkeenyaaf, mirga hiree ofii ofiin murteeffachuu fi of bulchuu Uummata Tigray kan Mootummaa Naannoo Tigraayii fi kan Uummata Tigiraayiiti.<\/li><li>Filannoo gaggeessuun ibsituu mirga hiree ofii ofiin murteeffachuu fi of bulchuu Sabootaa, Sablammootaa fi Uummattootaati<\/li><li>PP\u2019n yoo xiqqaate wagga lamaaf filannoon akka achi siiquuf barbaada. Sababni isaa PP\u2019n Koronaa lama dadhabsiisuu\/injifachuu barbaada. (1) Koronaa Chaayinaa: kun namaa fi qaama hundaa biratti yaada hubatamudha (2) Koronaa Siyaasaa: PP\u2019n otoo waan fedhe ta\u2019ee aangoo gadhiisuuf qophii miti. Akka ADWUI tti kaayyoo waggoota 50-60 bulchuu qabu ture. Kana keessaa wagga 29 bulchaniiru. Kanaaf yoo xiqqaate waggoota 20\u2019n dhufan bulchuuf wal-hubannaa keessoo fi ejjennoo wal-fakkaataa qabu. Kanaaf, PP\u2019n waggoota 20\u2019n itti aananiif Xoophiyaa bulchuu barbaada. Fedha kana galmaan gahuuf morkattoonni dadhabuu fi maseenuu qabu. Waan waggoota 20\u2019n darban Mallasaan gochaa ture hunduma keenyatu beeka. Dr Abiyyi waan Mallas gochaa ture daran cimsee hojjetamoo kufaatii Mallas irraa barata laata?<\/li><li>Yeroo kamuu fi federeeshinii kam keessatti iyyuu murtoon gama Mootummaa Federaalaan darbu Federalism ni huuqqisa ykn akeeka huqqisuu qaba. Faallaa kanaa murtoo fi akeekni Mootummoota Naannolee (federating untis-states) fi Mootummaa gara gadii (local governmnets) sirna bulchiinsa federaalizimii kan gabbisuu fi akka hojjetu kan taasisudha.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Walumaagala, COVID-19\u2019n akkuma Prof Mararaa Guddinaa jedhan PP\u2019f \u201cDivine Intervention dha\u201d Egaa waan divine\u2019n gidduu gale kana akka Divine\u2019n gidduudhaa ba\u2019uuf kadhachuu malee furmaata maaltu jiraa!Hora Bulaa! Deebanaa! Fayyaa Tahaa!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aangoo Heera Hiikuu fi Gahee Inni Federaalizimii Keessatti Qabu Ka\u2019umsa: \u201cManni Maree Bakka Buutota Uummataa\u201d guyyaa har\u2019aa wal-ga\u2019ii ariifachiisaa taa\u2019een dhimma gidduu kana wal-falmisiisaa ta\u2019e irratti murtoo dabarseera. Murtoon kunis \u201cHiikkoo heeraa\u201d kan jedhu irratti kan waliif galame yommuu ta\u2019u keewwatoonni akka hiikamaniif kallattiin kaa\u2019amanis Keewwata 54 (1); Keewwata 58 (3) fi Keewwata 93 dha. &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/aangoo-heera-hiikuu-fi-federaalizimii\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Aangoo Heera Hiikuu fi Federaalizimii<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":656,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=651"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":658,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/651\/revisions\/658"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sanyiigc.co\/opsa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}